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György Dózsa
György Dózsa (or ''György Székely'',〔appears as "Georgius Zekel" in old texts〕 (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Gheorghe Doja); 1470 – 20 July 1514) was a Székely man-at-arms (and by some accounts, a nobleman) from Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary who led a peasants' revolt against the kingdom's landed nobility. He was eventually caught, tortured, and executed along with his followers, and remembered as both a Christian martyr and a dangerous criminal. During the reign of king Vladislas II of Hungary (1490–1516), royal power declined in favour of the magnates, who used their power to curtail the peasants’ freedom.〔Britannica (Dózsa Rebellion )〕
==Outbreak of the rebellion==
Dózsa was born in Dálnok (today Dalnic). During the wars against the Ottoman Empire, he was a soldier of fortune who won a reputation for valour.
In 1514, the Hungarian chancellor, Tamás Bakócz, returned from the Holy See with a papal bull issued by Leo X authorising a crusade against the Ottomans.〔Molnar p. 82〕 He appointed Dózsa to organize and direct the movement. Within a few weeks, Dózsa had gathered an army of some 40,000 so-called ''hajdú'', consisting for the most part of peasants, wandering students, friars, and parish priests - some of the lowest-ranking groups of medieval society. They assembled in their counties, and by the time he had provided them with some military training, they began to air the grievances of their status. No measures had been taken to supply these voluntary crusaders with food or clothing. As harvest-time approached, the landlords commanded them to return to reap the fields, and, on their refusing to do so, proceeded to maltreat their wives and families and set their armed retainers upon the local peasantry.
The volunteers became increasingly angry at the failure of the nobility to provide military leadership (the original and primary function of the nobility and the justification for its higher status in the society.)〔Norman Housley: Religious Warfare in Europe 1400-1536 (page: 70) Oxford University Press, 2002〕 The rebellious, anti-landlord sentiment of these "Crusaders" became apparent during their march across the Great Hungarian Plain, and Bakócz cancelled the campaign.〔http://www.history.com/topics/hungary/page4〕 The movement was thus diverted from its original object, and the peasants and their leaders began a war of vengeance against the landlords.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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